Integrated Approach of Heavy Metal Evaluation Using Geostatistical and Pollution Assessment Index in Soil of Bauxite Mining Area

Heavy metals contamination in soil is one of the global issues, posing a threat not just to environment but also human health. Identifying source and distribution heavy metal pollutants around mining areas can provide scientific basis for future environmental control. Distributions (Cd, Cr, As, Ni) this study were evaluated using descriptive multivariate statistics further described geostatistical approach pollution indices. The total content Cd, Ni surface was observed with higher concentration level according Dutch target values 95% Investigation Levels determined Malaysia soil. Statistical analyses, geostatistics, GIS mapping suggested that derived mainly from anthropogenic sources, including agricultural activities, while As could be lithogenic sources. Geoaccumulation index analysis demonstrated occurred Cd posed greatest risk contamination, followed by Ni, As. A spatial interpolated map showed vicinity area. These findings highlight effectiveness principal component analysis, geospatial analyses evaluating contents obtained results used authorities identify requiring remediation management establish baseline data related quality.